Crosssectional study definition of crosssectional study. Thelle, petter laake, in research in medical and biological sciences second edition, 2015. In a crosssectional study, the investigator measures the outcome. Because they measure events in chronological order they can be used to distinguish between cause and effect. Instead of collecting data over time on a single variable, a crosssection is framed, allowing a researcher to see differences among population subsets in several categories. Crosssectional design definition of crosssectional design. Cross sectional study definition of cross sectional. Types of crosssectional study descriptive a crosssectional study may be purely descriptive and used to assess the frequency and distribution of a particular disease in a defined population.
Cross sectional studies are a type of descriptive epidemiologic study in which the exposure and disease status of the population are determined at a given point. In a cross sectional study, all in a given population or a random sample from this population define the source population. Summary among women at a tertiary hospital for babycheckup in vietnam, prevalence of probable depressive state was 23% probable depression was 7%. We could, for example, look at age, gender, income and educational level in relation to walking and cholesterol levels, with little or no additional cost. Depression, anxiety, and smartphone addiction in university. A common example of cross sectional design is a census study in which a population is surveyed at one point in time in order to describe characteristics of that population including age, sex, and geographic location, among other characteristics. A cross sectional study measures the prevalence of health outcomes or determinants of health, or both, in a population at a point in time or over a short period. In a crosssectional study, the investigator measures the outcome and the exposures in the study participants at the same time. Repeated crosssectional studies can provide data for the change in. Usually there is no hypothesis as such, but the aim is to describe a population. Similarly, we used a crosssectional design to estimate the association between hospice ownership and the provision of specific types of hospice services. Cross sectional design is based on observations made at one point in time. A crosssectional study can be combined with a followup study to create a cohort or a casecontrol study.
Apr 27, 2016 cross sectional design is one of the most wellknown and commonly used study designs. Cohort studies are used to study incidence, causes, and prognosis. A cross sectional study might be a study of a disease such as aids at one point in time, to learn its prevalence and distribution within the population. While the other studies measure the incidence of a particular health outcome over time, a cross sectional study measures. Maryam hemed gfmer tanzania training course in sexual and. Crosssectional study an overview sciencedirect topics. Pdf in this series, i previously gave an overview of the main types of study design and the techniques used to minimise biased results. This article will help you learn more about cross sectional study with examples, how to conduct it and its advantages and disadvantages. A crosssectional study reports the status or stage of a disease, looks for reasons or explanations, and examines. Although reallife investigations show evidence of both properties, it is still best to decipher how these types differ. Often described as a snapshot of a population in a certain point in time. Crosssectional studies the weakest type of observational study is the crosssectional study in a crosssectional study, the investigator simply gathers a single sample and crossclassi es them depending on whether they have the risk factor or not and whether they have the disease or not crosssectional studies are the easiest to carry out, but are.
It would be a crosssectional study if you measure the reading abilities of 6yearolds in low, middle, and. A crosssectional study, the notsodistant cousin to longitudinal, is intended to compare multiple population groups at a single point in time. In reading public health research, you may encounter many terms that appear to be used interchangeably. Crosssectional study financial definition of cross. What she did was a crosssectional study, and the document she mailed out was a simple questionnaire. Cross sectional studies definition of cross sectional. Cross sectional studies collect and analyze both descriptive and analytical data. Department of nursing and health sciences, notre dame universitylouaize, zouk mosbeh, lebanon.
A common example of crosssectional design is a census study in which a population is surveyed at one point in time in order to describe characteristics of that population including age, sex, and geographic location, among other characteristics. These include designs for single groups and caseseries, comparative studies for independent groups and paired twogroup designs. Although crosssectional research does not involve conducting experiments, it is often used to. The benefit of a crosssectional study design is that it allows researchers to compare many different variables at the same time. Crosssectional study design is a type of observational study design. On the other hand, a crosssectional study cannot provide a very rich picture of development. Longitudinal and crosssectional studies sage research methods. Crosssectional research is often used to study what is happening in a group at a particular time. In crosssectional designs, researchers record information but do not manipulate variables. A crosssectional study collects data of both exposure and outcome at the same short period of time. Crosssectional design synonyms, crosssectional design pronunciation, crosssectional design translation, english dictionary definition of crosssectional design.
Crosssectional studies are a type of descriptive epidemiologic study in which the exposure and disease status of the population are determined at a given point. In medical research and social science, a crosssectional study also known as a crosssectional analysis, transversal study, prevalence study is a type of observational study that analyzes data. A crosssectional study might be a study of a disease such as aids at one point in time, to learn its prevalence and distribution within the population. Cross sectional studies are often used in developmental psychology, but this method is also utilized in many other areas including social science and. Our study is a crosssectional study, and therefore carries all the inherent limitations of such a type levin, 2006. The purpose of the study is descriptive, often in the form of a survey. In medical research, social science and biology, a crosssectional study also known as a crosssectional analysis, transverse study, prevalence study is a type of observational study that analyzes data from a population, or a representative subset, at a specific point in timethat is, crosssectional data. Cross sectional study an overview sciencedirect topics.
Such information can be used to explore aetiology for example, the relation between cataract and vitamin status has been examined in cross sectional surveys. The reason why it is known as the crosssectional study design is due to. Additionally, our results would have been more robust if additional predictors such as the method of storage and the habits during pesticide application or storage e. Prospective, retrospective, and crosssectional studies. For instance, we can carry out a crosssectional survey to estimate the prevalence. Essentially, the investigator selects a group of persons with a disease of interest cases, and then selects a group of persons who do not have the. The disease and its possible determinants are all recorded at a given point in time. Kiggs wave 2 crosssectional study participant acquisition, response rates and. Cross sectional studies are different from the others we have discussed. Cross sectional study design is a type of observational study design. In practice, cross sectional studies will include an element of both types of design. The longitudinal study design would account for cholesterol levels at the onset of a walking regime and as the walking behaviour continued over time. Oct 05, 2017 in medical research and social science, a cross sectional study also known as a cross sectional analysis, transversal study, prevalence study is a type of observational study that analyzes data.
Crosssectional studies collect all data at a set point in time. In cross sectional designs, researchers record information but do not manipulate variables. Observational studies casecontrol study casecontrol studies are common study designs used in oral health research. In a crosssectional study, the investigator measures the outcome and the exposures in the study participants at. Therefore, a longitudinal study is more likely to suggest causeandeffect relationships than a cross sectional study by virtue of its scope. A cross sectional study involves looking at data from a population at one specific point in time. Study design, precision, and validity in observational studies. Research methods and analysis doctors for afghanistan. In this series, i previous ly gave an overview of the main types of. Definition crosssectional studies examine the relationship between diseases or other. A crosssectional study is a type of observational research that analyzes data of variables collected at one given point in time across a sample population or a predefined subset. In this kind of study, the subset of the population or the whole population is chosen and from the selected participants, data is gathered for the purpose of helping answer research questions of interest. Descriptive crosssectional studies the persistence and reach of a studied factor.
Crosssectional studies collect and analyze both descriptive and analytical data. What she did was a cross sectional study, and the document she mailed out was a simple questionnaire. Poor psychological wellbeing and poor selfefficacy parental conflict, familial conflict and recent moving unconfidencein childrearing, abusive feeling, and unrelaxedmood. Cross sectional studies the weakest type of observational study is the cross sectional study in a cross sectional study, the investigator simply gathers a single sample and cross classi es them depending on whether they have the risk factor or not and whether they have the disease or not cross sectional studies are the easiest to carry out, but are. Longitudinal and crosssectional studies sage research. Social phenomena have histories, which single crosssectional research studies cannot directly access. It would be a cross sectional study if you measure the reading abilities of 6yearolds in low, middle, and. In a crosssectional study, all in a given population or a random sample from this population define the source population. For this nationally representative, crosssectional study in south africa, households were selected by use of a multistage sampling frame, stratified by province, urban or rural setting, and race group, and schools were selected on the basis that they were closest to the area in which households were selected. A crosssectional study is one type of study in which people of different ages are examined at the same times. Think of a crosssectional study as a snapshot of a particular group of people at a given point in time. Jun 10, 2014 cross sectional studies are different from the others we have discussed. However, a cross sectional study may also compare groups from different backgrounds.
A cross sectional study should be representative of the population if generalizations from the findings are to have any validity. Cross sectional studies are relatively inexpensive and quick to conduct researchers can test many people of different ages at the same time, and they are the best way to study age differences not age changes. Crosssectional studies are relatively inexpensive and quick to conduct researchers can test many people of different ages at the same time, and they are the best way to study age differences not age changes. For example a random sample of schools across london may be used to assess the burden or prevalence of asthma among 1214 year olds. Cohort, casecontrol, metaanalysis, crosssectional study. Depression, anxiety, and smartphone addiction in university students a cross sectional study jocelyne matar boumosleh. The longitudinal study uses time as the main variable, and tries to make an in depth study of how a small sample changes and fluctuates over time a cross sectional study, on the other hand, takes a snapshot of a population at a certain time, allowing conclusions about phenomena across a wide population to be drawn. The definition and use of a crosssectional study verywell mind. Similarly, we used a cross sectional design to estimate the association between hospice ownership and the provision of specific types of hospice services. Crosssectional design definition of crosssectional. However, comparing older and younger respondents in a single study is a very unreliable guide to social change.
Cons crosssectional studies may lead to erroneous conclusions as to a temporal sequence of cause and effect. In a cross sectional study, the investigator measures the outcome and the exposures in the. It is used for examining phenomena expected to remain static through the period of interest. Cross sectional studies or surveys are observational studies that provide a snapshot of an exposure or disease at a particular point in time. Mar 24, 2006 a cross sectional study design is used when. A research study done at one time, not over the course of time. Cross sectional study fukushima medical university. Longitudinal and crosssectional studies longitudinal studies collect data from the same sample a panel of people on more than one occasion usually using the same methods over a period of time, so that unlike crosssectional studies that collect data only once and in one short period, sequences of action and social change over time. This is usually done with cohorts, so that researchers can examine how people of different ages perform, behave, or respond to a particular function. However, a crosssectional study may also compare groups from different backgrounds. Often described as a snapshot of a population in a certain point in time because exposure and outcome are determined simultaneously for each subject. Interview survey data was collected from 15,023 participants, meaning that the. In a cross sectional study, the investigator measures the outcome and the exposures in the study participants at the same time. Pdf crosssectional study design is a type of observational study design.
A cross sectional study, the notsodistant cousin to longitudinal, is intended to compare multiple population groups at a single point in time. In particular, when the data collection strategy is broader in scope involves considerably more than one case or a small group and involves systematic data collection we use the term cross sectional instead of case study to. Maryam hemed gfmer tanzania training course in sexual. The participants in this type of study are selected based on particular variables of interest. We could however compare two or more independent crosssectional studies, from different times and samples, if available. In the crosssectional study of 20 patients, investigators conducted anatomic and functional magnetic resonance imaging in 10 patients with a low frequency of migraine attacks mean age 40 years and 1. Crosssectional study definition psychology glossary.
Cross sectional studies collect all data at a set point in time. Cross sectional design is one of the most wellknown and commonly used study designs. Crosssectional studies crosssectional studies measure simultaneously the exposure and health outcome in a given population and in a given geographical area at a certain time. Introduction to study designs crosssectional studies. Unlike in casecontrol studies participants selected based on the outcome status or cohort studies. A study that examines the relationship between diseases or other healthrelated characteristics and other variables of interest as they exist in a defined population at a single point in time. Crosssectional study objective to estimate the magnitude and patterns of violence against pregnant women study populationbased, household, crosssectional study in mbeya and dar es salaam, tanzania, 20012002 result violence experienced by 7% in dar es salaam and 12% in mbeya. Cross sectional study is defined as a observational research type that analyzes data of variables collected at one given point of time across a population or a predefined subset. This study type is also known as crosssectional analysis, transverse study, or prevalence study. Unlike longitudinal studies that look at a group of people over an extended period, crosssectional studies are used to describe what is happening at the present moment. Unlike in casecontrol studies participants selected based on the outcome status or cohort studies participants selected based on the exposure status, the participants in a crosssectional study are just selected based on the inclusion and exclusion. Descriptive cross sectional studies the persistence and reach of a studied factor. While the other studies measure the incidence of a particular health outcome over time, a crosssectional study measures.
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